Works cited

Verification status is the point of this page. "Opened" means a journal page, DOI record, or the project's own summary was in front of the writer in November 2026. "Standard" means a classic whose identity is not in doubt and whose pages were not re-read. "Not used" means the lead stays off the argument.

Opened for this build

Gerbasi, K. C., Paolone, N., Higner, J., Scaletta, L. L., Bernstein, P. L., Conway, S., & Privitera, A. (2008). Furries from A to Z (Anthropomorphism to Zoomorphism). Society & Animals, 16(3), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853008X323376

Probyn-Rapsey, F. (2011). Furries and the limits of species identity disorder: A response to Gerbasi et al. Society & Animals, 19(3), 294-301. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853011X578956

Gerbasi, K. C., Scaletta, L. L., Plante, C. N., & Bernstein, P. L. (2011). Why so FURious? Rebuttal of Dr. Fiona Probyn-Rapsey's response. Society & Animals, 19(3), 302-304. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853011X578965

Roberts, S. E., Plante, C., Gerbasi, K., & Reysen, S. (2015). Clinical interaction with anthropomorphic phenomenon. Health & Social Work, 40(2), e42-e50. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlv020

Grivell, T., Clegg, H., & Roxburgh, E. C. (2014). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of identity in the therian community. Identity, 14(2), 113-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2014.891999

Clegg, H., Collings, R., & Roxburgh, E. C. (2019). Therianthropy: Wellbeing, schizotypy, and autism in individuals who self-identify as non-human. Society & Animals, 27(4), 403-426. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341540

Keck, P. E., Pope, H. G., Hudson, J. I., McElroy, S. L., & Kulick, A. R. (1988). Lycanthropy: Alive and well in the twentieth century. Psychological Medicine, 18(1), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329170000194X

Guessoum, S. B., Benoit, L., Minassian, S., Mallet, J., & Moro, M. R. (2021). Clinical lycanthropy, neurobiology, culture: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 718101. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.718101

Blom, J. D., & Sharpless, B. A. (2025). A systematic review on clinical therianthropy and a proposal to conceptualize zoomorphism as a diagnostic spectrum. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 174, 106193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106193

Hsu, K. J., & Bailey, J. M. (2019). The "furry" phenomenon: Characterizing sexual orientation, sexual motivation, and erotic target identity inversions in male furries. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(5), 1349-1369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1303-7

Grey, B. T. (2020). Furry sexuality: Conditioned fetishes a better explanation than erotic target identity inversion. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49, 49-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01490-3

Brooks, T. R., Bennett, T. N., Myhre, A., Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2024). "Chasing tail": Testing the relative strength of sexual interest and social interaction as predictors of furry identity. Journal of Sex Research, 61(2), 324-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2068180

Laycock, J. P. (2012). "We are spirits of another sort": Ontological rebellion and religious dimensions of the Otherkin community. Nova Religio, 15(3), 65-90. https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2012.15.3.65

Roberts, S. E., Davies-Kneis, C., Gerbasi, K., Fein, E., Plante, C., Reysen, S., & Côté, J. (2024). Seeding the grassroots of research on furries. Deviant Behavior, 45(1), 50-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2023.2237634

Slater, M., Spanlang, B., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Blanke, O. (2010). First person experience of body transfer in virtual reality. PLoS ONE, 5(5), e10564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010564

IARP / Furscience project pages used for figures: fursona as ideal self (3.12); self-fursona similarity (3.11); species popularity (3.1); Anthrocon 2018; Anthrocon 2017; Anthrocon 2013; Summer 2020; Winter 2011; disclosure (10.1); orientation (5.1); the 2014 three-fandom study; artists' demographics (6.2); "What's a furry?" These are the project's own summaries (E2), checked November 2026. They are not an independent lab.

PolitiFact (8 April 2022), "Claim about schools providing litter boxes for students debunked in several states." The Guardian (29 March 2022) on Nebraska state senator Bruce Bostelman's apology.

Reysen, S., & Plante, C. N. (2023). The kids are alright: Furry well-being and mental health. In C. N. Plante, S. Reysen, C. Adams, S. E. Roberts, & K. C. Gerbasi (Eds.), Furscience: A decade of psychological research on the furry fandom (pp. 683-704). International Anthropomorphic Research Project. Chapter record checked. The PDF was not re-read line by line. The book is the project's own volume.

Standard references, not re-read

These are standard references used as frames. Bibliographic identity is not in serious doubt. They were not re-read page by page for this build. Do not treat a fine point as if a quotation had been checked.

Botvinick, M., & Cohen, J. (1998). Rubber hands "feel" touch that eyes see. Nature, 391, 756.

Ehrsson, H. H. (2007). The experimental induction of out-of-body experiences. Science, 317, 1048.

Lenggenhager, B., Tadi, T., Metzinger, T., & Blanke, O. (2007). Video ergo sum: Manipulating bodily self-consciousness. Science, 317, 1096-1099.

Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review, 114(4), 864-886.

Yee, N., & Bailenson, J. (2007). The Proteus effect. Human Communication Research, 33(3), 271-290.

Maravita, A., & Iriki, A. (2004). Tools for the body (schema). Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(2), 79-86.

Melzack, R. (1990). Phantom limbs and the concept of a neuromatrix. Trends in Neurosciences, 13(3), 88-92.

Ramachandran, V. S., & Hirstein, W. (1998). The perception of phantom limbs. Brain, 121, 1603-1630.

Petkova, V. I., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2008). If I were you: Perceptual illusion of body swapping. PLoS ONE, 3(12), e3832.

Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences ("absorption"). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268-277.

Wilson, S. C., & Barber, T. X. (1983). The fantasy-prone personality. In A. A. Sheikh (Ed.), Imagery: Current theory, research, and application. Wiley.

Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954-969.

Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319-340.

Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma. Prentice-Hall.

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton.

Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5), 551-558.

Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697.

Taylor, M. (1999). Imaginary companions and the children who create them. Oxford University Press.

Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. Routledge.

Zilcha-Mano, S., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2011). An attachment perspective on human-pet relationships. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(4), 345-357.

Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press.

Kellert, S. R., & Wilson, E. O. (Eds.). (1993). The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press.

Oldenburg, R. (1989). The great good place. Paragon House.

Guthrie, S. E. (1993). Faces in the clouds. Oxford University Press.

Barrett, J. L. (2004). Why would anyone believe in God? AltaMira.

Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215-229.

Durkheim, É. (1912/1915). The elementary forms of religious life.

Lévi-Strauss, C. (1962/1963). Totemism. And (1962/1966) The savage mind.

Hallowell, A. I. (1960). Ojibwa ontology, behavior, and world view. In S. Diamond (Ed.), Culture in history.

Bird-David, N. (1999). "Animism" revisited. Current Anthropology, 40(S1), S67-S91.

Descola, P. (2005/2013). Beyond nature and culture. University of Chicago Press.

Ingold, T. (2000). The perception of the environment. Routledge.

Eliade, M. (1951/1964). Shamanism: Archaic techniques of ecstasy.

Kehoe, A. B. (2000). Shamans and religion. Waveland.

Hallowell, A. I. (1926). Bear ceremonialism in the Northern Hemisphere. American Anthropologist, 28(1), 1-175.

Baring-Gould, S. (1865). The book of were-wolves. Smith, Elder.

Thompson, S. Motif-index of folk-literature. Section D, Transformation.

Skeat, W. W. (1900). Malay magic. Macmillan.

Brinton, D. G. (1894). Nagualism.

López Austin, A. (1988). The human body and ideology. University of Utah Press.

Salamon, H. (1999). The hyena people. University of California Press.

Harner, M. (1980). The way of the shaman. Harper & Row.

Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1980/1987). A thousand plateaus. University of Minnesota Press.

Haraway, D. J. (2008). When species meet. University of Minnesota Press.

Derrida, J. (2006/2008). The animal that therefore I am. Fordham University Press.

Wolfe, C. (2010). What is posthumanism? University of Minnesota Press.

Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945/2012). Phenomenology of perception.

Cohen, S. (1972). Folk devils and moral panics. MacGibbon and Kee.

Qur'an 6:38, 2:30-33, 17:44, 24:41. Paraphrase, with Haleem's 2004 Oxford translation as the scholarly English edition in mind.

Genesis 1:26-28, 9:2-4. Deuteronomy 25:4. Francis of Assisi, Canticle of the Creatures.

Reysen, S., & Branscombe, N. R. (2010). Fanship and fandom. Journal of Sport Behavior. Article not re-opened. Reysen & Shaw (2016) is cited only as Roberts and colleagues (2024) cite it. That 2016 article was not opened.

American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5-TR, dissociative identity criteria, paraphrased.

Leads not used

Not used as evidence. Listed so a later draft can open them instead of inventing them.

Markus Altena Davidsen on fiction-based religion. Likely neighbor to fictionkin. Not opened.

Clegg and Roxburgh, a 2014 repository title "Phantom limbs in the therian community." [unverified: do not rely] Venue and sample size not retrieved. No statistic taken from it.

Hsu and Bailey's reply to Grey. Indexed, not summarized.

A specific IARP sentence warning that furries are more candid about sexuality than other groups. The methodological problem is applied on this site. The quotation was not located, so it is not quoted.

Albedo and Rowrbrazzle publication years. Not taken from a primary copy.

The alt.horror.werewolves archive. Not read. No founding year is stated.

Religious-affiliation crosstabs in the IARP data. Not found on the pages opened.

Peer-reviewed ethnography of kemono, 兽圈, and Brazilian fandom structure. Not found in this build.

A population prevalence of therian identity. Not found because, as far as this build can tell, it does not exist.